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A termite nest can be considered as being composed of two components, the inanimate and the animate. The animate is all of the termites living inside the colony, and the inanimate part is the structure itself, which is constructed by the termites. Nests can be broadly separated into three main categories: subterranean (completely below ground), epigeal (protruding above the soil surface), and arboreal (built above ground, but constantly connected to the ground via shelter tubes).184 Epigeal nests (mounds) protrude from the ground with ground contact and are created out of ground and sand.

Most termites construct underground colonies rather than multifunctional nests and mounds.186 Primitive termites of today nest in wooden constructions such as logs, stumps and the dead portions of trees, as did termites millions of years back.184.

To build their nests, termites mostly use faeces, which have many desirable properties as a construction material. Other building materials include partly digested plant material, used in carton nests (arboreal nests built from faecal elements and timber ), and dirt, utilized in subterranean nest and mound construction. Not all nests are visible, as many nests in tropical woods are located underground.186 Species in the subfamily Apicotermitinae are good examples of subterranean nest builders, as they only reside inside tunnels.

Nests and mounds shield the termites' tender bodies against desiccation, light, pathogens and parasites, as well as providing a fortification against predators.188 Nests made out of carton are especially weak, and so the inhabitants utilize counter-attack approaches against invading predators. .

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Arboreal carton nests of mangrove swamp-dwelling Nasutitermes are enriched in lignin and depleted in cellulose and xylans. This change is caused by bacterial illness in the intestine of the termites: they use their faeces as a carton building substance. Arboreal termites nests can account for up to 2% of above ground carbon storage in Puerto Rican mangrove swamps.

Some species build complex nests called polycalic nests; this habitat is called polycalism. Polycalic species of termites form numerous nests, or calies, connected with subterranean chambers.107 The termite genera Apicotermes and Trinervitermes are known to possess polycalic species.191 Polycalic nests appear to be frequent in mound-building species but polycalic arboreal nests have been found in a few species of Nasutitermes.191.

Nests are considered mounds should they protrude from the earth's surface. A mound provides termites the same protection as a nest but is stronger.189 Mounds found in areas with torrential and continuous rainfall are in danger of mound erosion due to their clay-rich construction. Those made from carton can provide protection against the rain, and in fact can withstand high precipitation.

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By way of example, Cubitermes colonies build narrow tunnels utilized as strong points, as the width of the tunnels is small enough for soldiers to block.192 A highly secure room, known as the"queens cell", houses the queen and king and can be used as a last line of defence. .

Species in the genus Macrotermes arguably construct the most complicated structures in the insect world, constructing enormous mounds. These mounds are among the biggest in the world, reaching a height of 8 to 9 metres (26 to 29 feet), and consist of chimneys, pinnacles and ridges.56 Another termite species, Amitermes meridionalis, can build nests 3 to 4 metres (9 to 13 ft ) high and 2.5 metres (8 feet) wide.

The sculptured mounds sometimes have fancy and distinctive types, like the ones of their compass termite (Amitermes meridionalis and A. laurensis), which builds tall, wedge-shaped mounds with the long axis oriented approximately northsouth, which gives them their common name.194195 This orientation has been experimentally shown to help thermoregulation. The north-south orientation causes the internal temperature of a mound to increase quickly during the morning when avoiding overheating from the midday sun.

Termites construct shield tubes, also known as earthen tubes or mud tubes, that start from the ground. These shelter tubes can be found on walls and other structures.197 Constructed by termites during the night, a period of higher humidity, these tubes provide protection to termites from potential predators, especially ants.198 Shelter tubes also give high humidity and darkness and allow workers to collect food sources that cannot be accessed in any other way.197 All these passageways are made from soil and faeces and are normally brown in colour.

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They range from less than 1 cm to several cm in width, but may extend dozens of metres in length.198.

Owing to their own wood-eating habits, many termite species can do significant harm to unprotected buildings and other wooden structures.199 Termites play an important function as decomposers of wood and vegetative material, and the conflict with humans occurs where structures and landscapes containing structural wood components, cellulose derived structural materials and ornamental vegetation provide termites with a trusted supply of food and moisture.200;Their custom of remaining concealed often results in their presence being undetected until the timbers are seriously damaged, leaving a thin layer of a click now wall that protects them from the environment.201 Of the 3,106 species known, only 183 species cause damage; 83 species cause significant damage to wooden structures.199 In North America, 18 subterranean species are pests202; in Australia, 16 species have an economic effect; in the Indian subcontinent 26 species are considered pests, and in tropical Africa, 24.